The Nature and Influence of English Presbyterianism during the Period 1640 to 1660

Abstract

There is one question of fundamental importance that lies at the very basis of this study - Is there such a thing as English Presbyterianism? The general opinion today, particularly amongst those who are upholders of the Presbyterian system, seems to be that Presbytery is a Scottish term, and that Presbyterianism, as such, owes its all to the zealous labours of the stern Covenanters. It is the purpose of this thesis to show that in England, at the time of the Civil War and during the years of the Interregnum, there was worked out a theory of ecclesiastical procedure which, while essentially Presbyterian in character, rose out of existing dircumstances, and was in no sense a foreign importation. Moreover, this theory, an answer in part to the chaos and turmoil of the age, differed markedly on certain fundamental issues from the Scottish idea of theocratic discipline, and was ultimately accepted within England as a form of Church polity, even though its influence was far from being extensive. Modern Presbyterian standards, to which followers of John Calvin point with some measure of justifiable pride, owe a great deal more than is generally conceded to the intensive work accomplished in England on their behalf during the seventeenth century. Above all, the Presbyterian Church of England - and there is such a body - has gained far more from London and Westminster than ever it has from Edinburghor Glasgow. English Presbyterianism is primarily and essentially an indigenous growth. Those who refuse to accept this major premise can never fully understand the nature and influence of English Presbyterianism. It is the object of this thesis to prove that Presbyterianism in England is fundamentally a native development.