Abstract:
As far back as Roman times, artificial climates were created for the growing of exotic plants. Piped steam was relied upon for heating since "glazing", mainly of talc (mica sheets), was extremely limited both in supply and in allowing solar heat gain. With the fall of the Roman Empire this technology was one of many such that were lost.
It was not until the middle of the 17th Century in Europe that "orangeries" began to be built, showing a remarkable similarity to the early Roman "hothouses". The orangery was designed for the cultivation of citrus fruits and other exotic plants which required protection from the harsh winters. Being built of masonry and glazed with multiple small pane "lead light" windows, the amount of light admitted was limited. Heating was provided by enclosed stoves or open braziers. (Sloping glazed roofing, to improve daytime lighting and solar heating, was only developed during the 18th Century.)
