RestrictedArchive–Te Puna Rangahau

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Welcome to RestrictedArchive–Te Puna Rangahau, the closed repository for research outputs from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.

This collection contains papers and theses authored by University staff and students.

The content in the collection was migrated from http://restrictedarchive.vuw.ac.nz in 2021.

Access to this collection is restricted to University staff and students.

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The History of New Zealand Immigration up to 1870
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, [19--])
The general purpose of the thesis is to make a critical survey of the immigration policies which have been adopted in this country. My original intention was to cover the whole field from the earliest times of our history to the present date, paying regard more to broad tendencies than to detailed policies; but upon reflection it appeared impossible to be certain of a right interpretation of the former without a close acquaintance with the latter. I intend to complete a survey of the "modern" period at a latter date in the hope that it will be possible to indicate a line of development in regard to immigration which will be in closer touch with the economic potentialities and needs of New Zealand than the present dangerous method of "trial and error".
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Co-ordination compounds of nickel quinoline and isoquinoline thiocyanates
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, [19--]) Code word 238
The existence of a red nickel diquinoline thiocyanate had previously been reported from this laboratory. As this colour is unusual among nickel compounds, the further investigation of the substance was undertaken as the object of the first half of this thesis. With this in view, a comparison was made of the series comprising nickal tetraquinoline thiocyanate (green), nickel diquinoline thiocyanate (red), and anhydrous nickel thiocyanate (yellow). It was hoped that some serial relationship might be found between the cause of colour and the molecular structure. A comparison was likewise made of nickel tetra-and di-quinoline thiocyanates with the corresponding nickel isoquinoline thiocyanates. It was hoped that some explanation might be brought forward for the marked differences in physical properties of the isomeric tetrammines.
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William Ferguson Massey and the Paris Peace Conference, 1919.
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, [19--]) Wall, Barbara Helen
William Ferguson Massey assumed the office of Prime Minister of New Zealand on 10 July 1912 and he held this position until his death on 11 May 1925. Throughout this long period of office, he never had the good fortune to steer New Zealand through smooth waters. War, which Mr. Massey regarded as the most awful calamity that could afflict the human race, broke out on 4 August 1914. For the next four years he had to apply his policy and administration to its prosecution and thereafter to reconstruction. It was hard for a man with mainly agrarian interests to have to think in terms of war, yet Mr Massey did not falter in what he considered to be an Imperial duty. Asked on the night of 31 July 1914 whether, if in the event of Britain being involved in war, the government would offer an expeditionary force to be sent wherever the Empire needed its services, Mr. Massey made a prompt and dignified reply that it would. On the declaration of war, he immediately telegraphed the Home Government, 'All we are and all we have are at the disposal of the Imperial Government for the purposes of carrying on the war to a successful issue.'
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The Rangitikei-Manawatu Block Purchase, with Introductory Notes on the Maori Race
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1917) Henderson, G.M
In reading the history of New Zealand, one is immediately struck by the great importance of the Native question. For about twenty years after the arrival of the first immigrants in 1840 the Aborigines outnumbered the Europeans, especially in the North Island, where the great majority of the former lived. The charm of Maori history seizes upon the imagination; and the later decades of the Colony's progress, replete though they be with examples of striking incidents, bold legislation, and vigorous personalities, are neglected, while we eagerly follow the traditional records of "Old unhappy far-off things, and battles long ago". Had Fenimore Cooper taken the New Zealand cannibal Instead of the Red-skin for his model of a high minded and chivalrous savage, his portrait would have been true to life, and would have merited the approval of all who have studied the Maori (1) otherwise than through the jaundiced eyes of the trader or the land speculator.
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Waters of the New Zealand thermal district
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1922) Grigg, Felix John Theodore
The work outlined in this thesis comprises the chemical analysis of the waters of the principal lakes and streams of the Thermal District (Rotorua - Taupo) of New Zealand, and the estimation of the radium emanation and radium content of certain of the lakes and springs.
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Bromination of Substituted Anilides
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1923) Reader, Vera Birdie
The rate of bromination of Aromatic compounds has been found to vary greatly, some reactions being almost instantaneous, e.g. bromination of phenol with three molecules of bromine to form symmetrical tribromo-phenol, whilst some are very slow, occasionally months passing before one molecule completely enters. In all cases the rate is greatly increased if a halogen carrier, e.g. iodine (Muller 1862) red phosphorus (Volhard 1885) or hydrogen chloride (Lapworth 1903) etc., is present.
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Some nitro bromo derivatives of metacresol
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1924) Herrick, M. M.
Although a considerable amount of work has been done by various investigators on the nitro-bromo-derivatives of metacresol the series is not yet complete, and some confusion exists as to identity of certain members. This is in some measure due to an alternative method of nomenclature adopted by the Americans.
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Nitration of phenols
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1925) Peryman, Henry Lipman Erle
Amongst the multitude of papers to be found in the various volumes of the Journal of the Chemical Society, comparatively few appear to have been devoted to studies of nitration reactions, particularly those occurring among aromatic compounds. In all cases where such reactions have been studied, they have been found to be approximately bimolecular. Special attention has been paid to the action of nitric acid on phenol, but beyond the discovery of several interesting points, nothing definite seems to have been brought to light.
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The Strength of New Zealand wheats and flours
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1925) Foster, Laurence Dallington
When the early colonists settled in New Zealand they brought with them, as a matter of course, the grain grown in the countries from which they had come. In the light of later knowledge it is apparent that these grains may have been unsuited to the different environments of these newer lands, and especially might this be true of wheat. Notwithstanding this, the wheats now grown in New zealand are to a large extent the descendants of those planted by the early settlers. In the process of natural selection certain of these varieties have probably entirely disappeared, and the survivors of half a century of cultivation, known here as Hunters, Velvets, Pearls, and the different Tuscans, now present slight but definite differences from European varieties. The two main islands of New Zealand are both adapted to the growing of wheat, but owing to economic reasons, it is only in the South Island, with its large fertile plains and rolling downs, that grain growing is carried out on any considerable scale. According to B.C.Aston (3), who produces a table showing the available plant food in a large number of samples, the soils of the South Island are very rarely deficient in this respect. Later figures of composite and representative samples soils of the counties of the south Island analysed by the writer, have been compared with some typical soils from the Tchernozen regions of Russia, the United states (15), and some typical wheat-growing soils of Manitoba (29). The samples investigated represented average soils; they were found to compare favourably with the soils of these more famous wheat growing countries. The chief growing areas in New Zealand are Marlborough in the North, Otago in the South, and the Canterbury Plains See Map, Appendix 2. The character of these areas is such that the average yield is about 35 bushels per acre, though 80 to 90 bushels are at times recorded.
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The Earlier Years of the Native Land Question in New Zealand
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1926) Spurdle, Frederick George
In an attempt at an examination of the land deals made by our own countrymen with the natives of this country, we find ourselves face to face with a problem, which itself has been productive of greater heart burning, greater bitterness of feeling, and certainly greater measures of active hostility, than any other of which our historical documents bear record: a problem which has oft-times thrown the two races comprising this young country into the deepest conflict one with the other; and one which has caused the most heated variations of opinion, between conflicting parties of her statesmen. Seldom if ever have these contestants agreed upon any one thing, but perhaps they are closer in agreement over this, than is the case over any other, - namely - that before one may come to any clear understanding of the points at issue; before it is possible even to think of rendering crooked ways straight, and rough places smooth, it will be necessary to engage to some small extent in a study of the question involved in Native Land Tenure. For, if we turn to that oft quoted, and much more adversely criticised document, which was signed for better or for worse, upon the shores of the Bay of Islands at Waitangi upon February 6th 1840, do we not read that . . . "Her Majesty the Queen of England confirms and guarantees to the chiefs and tribes of New Zealand, and to the respective families and individuals thereof, the full, exclusive, and undisturbed possession of their lands and estates, forests, fisheries, and other properties which they may collectively or individually possess, so long as it is their wish and desire to retain the same in their possession." How then may any man expect to see that such terms, guaranteeing to a native and primitive people, the 'possession' of their lands, are either kept inviolate or irretrievably broken, if he himself is ignorant of the essential elements, which must, in the eyes of those natives, go to constitute that very 'possession' or 'ownership', thus guaranteed?
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The nitration of phenols in acetic acid
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1926) Copping, Alice Mary
It is remarkable to note how little attention has been paid to the study of nitration of aromatic compounds in the advance of organic research. The first papers of interest were those published by Martinsen (J.C.S. 1905, A (ii), 149 and 1907 A (ii), 169). He investigated the nitration of phenol in aqueous solution with increasing acid concentration and recognised the fact that the reaction was auto-catalysed by nitrous acid. Further, he accounted for the effect of substituents in the ring on the rate of nitration. Klemenc (J.C.S. 1919, A. 272) from studies of the nitration of phenol in ethereal solution concluded that the reaction was bimolecular. He found that nitric acid free from nitrous acid or nitrogen peroxide did not cause nitration, and that the rate of the reaction was dependent on the concentration of the nitrous acid. These results agreed with the observations of Brauner on the bromination of benzene in the presence of iodine.
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Cryoscopic irregularities of phenol
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1926) Richardson, George Maxwell
The discovery and extended use of cryoscopic methods for solving the problems of physical chemistry is undeniably one of the features of recent developments in this science, and few other experimental methods can claim such general adoption in aiding investigation in all branches of the work. In particular a great deal of our knowledge of binary liquid mixtures has been gained by the use of this method, or of the related osmotic pressure methods which unfortunately require more complicated laboratory manipulation. Hence, it is strange that so little is understood about the laws on which these methods are based, or is known of the deviations therefrom which are becoming more numerous every year. And yet the osmotic laws have not been without their significance in the development of the chemistry of the last half century, for had Van't Hoff's theoretical deductions not explained osmotic phenomena in liquid mixtures so completely, his thermodynamic conception of liquid molecules would never have gained to rapidly its universal acceptance. It was as long ago as 1788 that Blagden first proved a part of Raoult's law by showing that the depression of freezing point caused by the addition of a soluble substance to pure water was proportional to the amount of the substance added. This discovery was allowed to go unemphasized for eighty years, until Rudorff again took up its study in 1861. Thence we read of de Coppet (1871), of the closer investigations of Raoult (1882), and of the period of intense activity immediately following this able experimenter.
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A study of the chemistry of tutin and its derivatives
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1926) Fletcher, John Robert
The determination of the structure of a group of compounds known as the amaroids has baffled chemists for over half a century because of the molecular rearrangements which they readily undergo. The group, which may be considered as oxygen containing derivatives of the bicyclic sesquiterpenes includes The best known member of this series, santonin, is the active principle of the wormseed (flores cinae). The accepted structural formula for this compound resulted from the research work of Clemo (1). The Isolation of picrotoxin, the poisonous content of the berries of the East Indian Creeper (anamirta cocculus), was first achieved by a French apothecary, Boullay (4), but serious chemical study of this substance was delayed until the late nineteenth century.
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John William Salmond, Kt., M.A. LL.B.
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1926) McKenzie, Mary Isabel
In choosing as the subject of my thesis "The Life and Work of Sir John Salmond" I was not prompted by any close personal interest in the man, or by a previous extensive knowledge of his work. He was not a man who was ever in the limelight; but I knew him to be one who had played an important part in the history of this country. A deepening interest and admiration have been the result of my investigations. It was but a few months after Sir John Salmond's death that I commenced to collect material for my thesis, so that there had been published no comprehensive account of the man or of his work to which I could refer. I had therefore to turn my attention to the numerous appreciations which had appeared in. papers and magazines immediately after his death. In this I was greatly assisted by Mrs Allan and Mr J. Christie, both of whom had collections which were Kindly placed at my disposal. My information, apart from what was gleaned from these cuttings, has been derived from personal interviews with, or letters from, friends of the late Sir John, and from a study of his writings and of the statutes which he framed, with official Year books for reference. I have as yet done little more than dip into his larger works, but the little I have read, with the Report on the washington Conference, have been sufficient to give me a very clear idea of the style of the writer.
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Freshwater Algae of the Hutt Valley
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1927) Mather, Winifred Margaret
The Hutt Valley a very pleasant spot, amply blest with rain and sunshine and with sufficient frost. Thus the aspect of the vegetation presents pleasing harmonies and contrasts and offers ample scope for observation. All the gradations from marine to fresh water, from bright sun to deep shade, from sea level to a height of 1200 feet, from still water to rushing torrent can be found within the bounds of this valley. Its charms are manifold; its changes numerous. Though the advance of civilization is rapidly pushing Nature into the by-ways there are still many parts where man's interference is not great yet no part can be said to have escaped it. Where he has not turned his streams into culverts or concreted his ditches there he pastures his animals.
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An investigation of the public provision made for feebleminded children in the Dominion of New Zealand
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1927) Avann, Alice Rona
A thesis, dealing with a subject such as this, naturally demands authoritative figures as confirmation of statements made; but unfortunately State Records, pertinent to the question of the number of, and the provision for, feebleminded children in New Zealand, are lamentably deficient and in many cases non-existent. Had the paucity of these official records been realized at the commencement of this thesis the writer would have been deterred from attempting it: but a beginning having been made, it was decided to proceed. Therefore, in many instances, the writer has had to depend upon evidence supplied personally by departmental officers - such evidence not being recorded authoritatively in any State Records. Hence, while accrediting such information as approximately correct one is not prepared to vouch for its absolute accuracy.
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Some psychological and social aspects of propaganda
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1927) Beaglehole, Ernest
If we may believe the cf. Higham-Advertising ch. II, social and political records of the world one hundred years ago, it is extremely problematical whether there existed in England, for example, anything of the nature of organized propaganda as we know it today. Leaving aside for the moment the question of what is really to be understood by the term propaganda, and meaning by it roughly the attempted control or formation of public opinion, we can find very few traces of any large scale building up of a public opinion favorable to a cause or movement before the commencement of the present century. True there has always been advertising in some shape or form cf. Higham-Advertising ch. II; civic publicity was a feature of ancient Athens and Rome; in Pompeii and Herculaneum, walls in prominent positions were covered with important public announcements printed in black and red. Both the Hebrew Kings and Prophets, and the Egyptian aristocracy, gave permanence to their announcements by inscribing them on papyrus or parchment. The Town Crier in the Middle Ages was an important municipal dignitary. Caxton printed handbills and thus initiated a method of publicity of far reaching influence. Advertising in newspapers became popular from about 1702 onwards. But in all these early attempts at publicity we cannot but notice that there is nothing organized or directed, there is no effort to make any sort of appeal to any sort of public. Advertising is purely a matter of announcing trade notices or public meetings; everything is spasmodic, undirected and crude.
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O'er Swamp and Range: A History of the Wellington and Manawatu Railway Co., Ltd., 1882-1909
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1928) Mills, Gilbert Alexander
In order to gain a true insight into the exploitation of rural lands in New Zealand due emphasis must be laid on the important part played by the railways. Many writers are inclined to neglect this aspect and only too frequently insert a paragraph or perhaps a short chapter, without due consideration of sequence, in an effort to chronicle the "progress of civilization" and to show the wonderful results of the "increase in communications." Few attempt to explain why the building of a railway through a rural district causes an immediate rise in land values; or how it is that the mere providing of transport enables a forest to be cleared and grassy meadows substituted; or how it is that many localities have remained practically uninhabited and quite unproductive until the advent of the "iron horse." In New Zealand we find that the railway fixed the location of the towns, after 1870, and governed the rise or fall of those that had been previously located; in older countries on the other hand, the position of the towns governed the location of the railway. To show up this difference is one of the aims of this work; the other is to show the success that followed private enterprise during a period when similar national services could barely pay interest.
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An investigation of the nature of p-azophenol
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1928) Chamberlain, Edward Edinborough
The isomerism of p-azophenol was first studied in detail by R. Willstätter and M. Benz (Ber. 1906, 39, 3492; 1907, 40, 1578). They found that azophenol obtained directly by the alkali fusion of p-nitrophenol differed from that obtained by the reduction of benzoquinoneazine, which is itself the oxidation product of p-azophenol. The object of their work was to discover the nature of this isomerism. A careful survey of their results led them to classify these isomers as geometric isomers.
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The Maori and History: A Brief Study
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1928) Johnston, Rita Mary Elizabeth
The 19th century witnessed some of the most dramatic, revolutionary and cumulative changes in the fabric of civilization, changes that differentiate one age sharply from another. It saw the diffusion of Western civilization, including Science and Knowledge as well as colonization, over the whole earth. The Europeanization of the world in the 19th and 20th centuries, sweeping in a mighty current of new forces into every corner of the world, breaking down the age long barriers of isolation and antiquity, is unparalleled in its geographical range and revolutionary results on the human race. Yet it has its prototype in the first great diffusion of culture from the harbours of the Archaic civilizations of Egypt, Crete, the Aegean, Asia Minor, Syria, and Mesapotamia, up into Europe, down into India, across to China, out into Oceania and across the Pacific. Here for the first time on earth, civilization was born in the South Eastern Corner of the Mediterranean, and its elements diffused to all parts of the world in varying degrees through the contact of civilizing agents, who at different periods in historic and fore-historic times have migrated over the world in quest of precious substances, such as pearls, jade and metals, which were valued by the men of these early religious civilizations as "Givers of life." To-day the world is an economic unit. The isolation of the vast regions of Eastern Asia and the Pacific areas from Europe and Eastern America of 1815 is no more.