The independent New Zealand motion picture industry 1960 - 1986: an economic narrative and analysis with special reference to state intervention

Abstract

The study traces the development of the independent motion picture industry in New Zealand from 1960 through to the end of 1986. A particular reference is made to the impact of the state in the industry. The framework of analysis places the industry into a producer-distributor-exhibitor structure analagous to the manufacturer-wholesaler-retailer model. Because of the close links historically between the exhibition and distribution sectors in New Zealand, the two are combined within the narrative and analysis. The duality of the motion picture industry in that it creates both a product and provides a service is discussed, along with the dialectical clash between commercial and cultural values inherent in the industry. A distinction is made between a New Zealand motion picture production industry, and a motion picture production industry in New Zealand. It is argued that an indigenous motion picture production industry contributes to national identity. Three forms of state intervention in the industry are considered in the form of different operating environments: the Policy Environment, the Regulatory Environment, and the Institutional Environment. A variety of sources are consulted including government papers and statistics, articles and personal papers written by members of the industry during the period, and interviews with industry participants. Conclusions reached suggest that the industry has been adept at responding to the changes in the differing environments enabling its continued growth and development.