Religious Dimensions of Medieval Hindi Literature: with Special Reference to Kabirdasa and Tulsidasa

Abstract

With the depth of religion that has pervaded thoughout Indian history, there has been a major emphasis on the philosophical aspects in research, with only minor attention to the religious aspects of Hindi literature. The literature of India has mirrored the changes and progression of Indian society, with its religious aspects being used as both an educational and social developmental tool. The present thesis examines the Indian Medieval period and reflects on the two major poets of that era, namely Kabir and Tulsi. The contributions which Kabir and Tulsi made through their writings to the development of Indian culture have already been well acknowledged by researchers, however, the religious thrust of their writings has not attracted many researchers in the English medium nor in Indian philosophy. This limitation has been counteracted through the provision of the research in Hindi literature as both Kabir and Tulsi were neither philosophers nor professional academics. Both these poets, having deep insight into the nature and structure of Indian society, were social reformers in the eradication of the prevalence of associated religious evils. Indian culture has always flourished due to the efforts of sages and seers who were not necessarily rational and systematic thinkers, but who provoked authoritative, educative, royalty protected bureaucratic and religious leaders. Their provocation related to issues of the day affecting the common person and often in a manner to break social barriers. In conclusion, this dissertation provides a basis for judgement of the Indian Medieval period through the major religious trends current during that era. This is represented by Tulsi with his monotheistic approach, and in converse, though by Kabir. These twp poets also include associated issues of more universal dimensions such as the nature of the universe, the law of Karma, reincarnation, bondage and salvation. However the essence of religion, to the common person being a uniting bondship, and the diversity of God, is paramount. As such the thesis utilizes Kabir’s and Tulsi’s own writings in expounding the religious dimensions of Indian Medieval literature.