"The solubility, distribution and activity of the nitro-benzoic acids"

Abstract

The present work is an examination of the relationship between solubility and distribution, mainly through the conception of activity. In a saturated solution of a solid the vapour pressure of the solute must be equal to the partial vapour pressure of the same substance in the vapour from the solution, otherwise the system would not be in equilibrium. If the solute is imagined as a superfused liquid, although the temperature is below the melting point, then the amount of solvent present will be that required to reduce the vapour pressure (p°) of the superfused liquid to that (p) of the solid. The vapour pressure of the solute will, therefore, vary between p° for the pure substance and zero for an infinitely dilute solution. This result may be represented graphically.