The Influence of Improved Farming on Forest Conservation and Sustainable Development Practices in Labultamata Community, Vanuatu

Abstract

The subject of this study is forest conservation and development in the rural community of Labultamata, Vanuatu. It aimed to find out why and how changes in farming practices came about in this community and the influence of such changes on forest conservation and socio-economic development. This study employed a qualitative research methodology. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions and direct field observation. Interviews were held with all the village households (32) and some key individual informants, whereas focus group discussions involved eight important groups (committees) in the community. Direct field observation supplemented this data. The method of analysis was social historical. The argument of this study is that in order to achieve effective conservation, conservationists need to become community development practitioners who are able to understand community socio-economic factors that compromise conservation. Only then can they design and successfully implement conservation programs. Because of limited resources and lack of alternatives, rural communities will prioritize the security of livelihoods over conservation for conservation's sake. The conclusion argues that in rural communities such as Labultamata and many others in Vanuatu, where livelihoods depend on natural resources (e.g. forest), and people have limited options to secure livelihoods, conservation goals should be pursued secondary to that of development. The reverse may not be as effective, even if huge amounts of funds are spent to make it succeed.