Traditional Ecological Knowledge of the Maramataka - Māori Lunar Calendar

Abstract

Some Māori continue to practice the ancient tradition of fishing and planting by the maramataka - Māori lunar calendar - the 29-31 nights of the moon's monthly cycle. This traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) is preserved in written charts of the maramataka that were first innovated by the mid-1800s and have been further developed since. These charts name each night of the moon's lunar cycle and their influence on fishing and planting activities. Some early charts also incorporate star movements and seasonal patterns. As there is limited literature on this subject, this research explores what 19th century original Māori writings say about the TEK of the maramataka to determine whether there is a basis for further study. The research shows the maramataka is encoded ecological knowledge and that the TEK of the maramataka is integrated within a wider matrix of ecological knowledge contexts. Maramataka charts and early Māori writings provide contemporary guidance for further study, application and innovation of the TEK of the maramataka. Key words: traditional ecological knowledge; indigenous knowledge; Māori; culture; innovation; moon; lunar cycle; fishing; planting.