University Research Papers

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://ir.wgtn.ac.nz/handle/123456789/17917

University research outputs made available publicly on the ResearchArchive. These are non-thesis outputs.

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Open Access
Social security as a world problem
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1972) Jenks, Wilfred
Time was when social security was among the most domestic of domestic social problems; it now has a recognised place among world-wide social problems. This change of outlook is attributable to three main factors: the relevance of broader social security to economic and social development and technological change; the relevance of broader international experience to the increasingly complex problems which the contemporary development of social security presents for many countries; the impact of the ILO on social security in a wide range of countries.
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Index to the Journal of New Zealand Institute of Architects 1912-1980
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1982) Brookes, Susan
A cumulative index to the Journal of the New Zealand Institute of Architects (NZIA) from 1912-1980 inclusive, giving entries by architect, building type, subject, place,author and title.
Open Access
The 1982 - 84 review of export assistance : problems with paradigms
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1985) Mason, Geoffrey M.
For some time now, export incentives to non-traditional exports have been an essential part of the Government's development strategy to restore sustainable levels of growth to the economy. New Zealand has had an indifferent record of growth in the 1950s and 1960s and over the last half decade of the 70s, growth has averaged less than 1% per year or under a third of the OECD average. This persistently bad record was not because governments of the day gave growth little priority in their programmes. It has been long thought that the major barrier to economic growth is the balance of payments or foreign exchange constraint. The term 'foreign exchange constraint' alludes to the supposedly critical dependence of New Zealand on imports of raw materials (especially oil:) and capital equipment to increase the productive capacity of domestic producers. Too often it seemed, economic growth grounded to a halt as payments for imports pushed ahead of export earnings. This leads to the suggestion that the main way to raise growth performance is to raise the rate of growth of exports and thereby relax the balance of payments constraint...
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Index to the New Zealand Architect 1981- 1985
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1987) Brookes, Susan; Bolland, Kathryn
A cumulative index from 1981-1985 inclusive, giving entries by architect, building type/subject, place, author and title. Supplement t o WP82-13 : Brookes, Susan. Index to the journal of the New Zealand Institute of Architects 1912-1980.
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Doing Dirty Work?: Sponsors of Community Service
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1989) Pack, Margaret
With the introduction of the Criminal Justice Act 1985 and its orientation toward the provision of community based sentencing options, there is a growing awareness of the importance of encouraging a wide range of sponsoring organizations and individuals to become involved in administering community based sentences. This paper presents the results of an exploratory research project carried out in 1986, which asked people sponsoring community service sentence what they liked about the sentence and how they thought it could be improved, drawing on their experiences as sponsors.
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Index to the New Zealand architect and Architecture New Zealand
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1991) Bolland, Kathryn; Howarth, Julie
A cumulative index from 1986 - 1990 inclusive, giving entries by architect, building type/subject, place, and author. Supplement to WP13 : BROOKES, Susan. Index to the Journal of the New Zealand Institute of Architects 1912 -1980, and WP23 : BOLLAND, Kathryn and BROOKES, Susan. Index to the New Zealand Architect 1981 - 1985.
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The Labour Party after 75 years
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1992) Clark, Margaret
The 75th anniversary of the founding of the New Zealand Labour Party occurred in 1991. Needless to say the party itself was not in a notably celebratory mood, having just suffered a huge electoral defeat and all that that entailed in terms of after-the-event recriminations and soul-searching. However as academics we thought the occasion should be marked and pondered. After all there are not many local organisations which have persisted for half the length of our constitutional history, let alone one that is so full of impassioned, ideals-driven, argumentative people as the Labour Party. The following papers were presented at a day-long seminar held in the Stout Research Centre on 29 October 1991. Contributors contemplated not only the Labour Party's past triumphs and disasters, but also its future political and policy options. Party activists and officials present were as frank as more detached observers in acknowledging the Party's internal difficulties and contradictions, and the need to define a fresh vision for itself. The discussion was lively and good-natured, but alas our efforts to record it for transcription failed. It must remain only a pleasant memory for participants.
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The Coulomb Potential of a Line of Charges
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1993) Harper, J F
Recently Lekner gave formulae for the total Coulomb force and potential on a charged particle due to a line of other charged particles, and showed how to use it for a regular array of charges in two or three dimensions. His method involves a series in terms of the Bessel function Ko which converges fast for points sufficiently far from the line. This paper gives an integral which can be evaluated faster for points close to the line.
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Reducing Parabolic Partial Differential Equations to Canonical Form
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1994) Harper, J F
A simple method of reducing a parabolic partial differential equation to canonical form if it has only one term involving second derivatives is the following: find the general solution of the first-order equation obtained by ignoring that term and then seek a solution of the original equation which is a function of one more independent variable. Special cases of the method have been given before, but are not well known. Applications occur in fluid mechanics and the theory of finance, where the Black-Scholes equation yields to the method, and where the variable corresponding to time appears to run backwards, but there is an information-theoretic reason why it should.
Open Access
Security in an Open Network Environment
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1995) Davies, Mark; Hine, John H
The dramatic growth of the Internet has brought the information superhighway to our doorstep. It presents a new concept of public networking, offering new forms of communication and services. Most organizations now accept that a connection to the Internet is inevitable, but are concerned about the new security threats that arise from attaching their private, enterprise network to a public network. This paper will review the nature of threats that arise and discuss the tradeoffs that must be considered in developing a security policy. Design alternatives for firewalls will be discussed, with an emphasis on the strengths and weaknesses of the different designs. A range of available tools will also be considered.
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Counselling Distance Learners: An Experiment at the Open Polytechnic of New Zealand
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1995) Pack, Margaret
In August 1993, The Open Polytechnic decided to establish a counselling service for it's 30,000 enrolled students. Historically, The Open Polytechnic (previously the Technical Correspondence Institute) had specialised in trades and vocationally based courses, having been developed after the Second World War by the Government of the day to rehabilitate returned servicemen. As students studied by correspondence, it was possible for ex-serviceman to complete vocational qualifications without the disruption of leaving home and work to study.
Open Access
Quality Evaluation of Early Childhood Education Programmes
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1996) Cubey, Pamela; Dalli, Carmen
In 1989 the New Zealand Council for Educational Research organised a seminar on Assessment in Early Childhood Education. This was one of the first times that the topic of assessment and evaluation received formal airing by the early childhood community. Until then, the generally accepted wisdom had been that assessment in early childhood education was inappropriate because of the very young age of the children who use this service and the great variability in developmental progress at this age. The 1990s saw a decided increase in interest in assessment and evaluation. Curricular change, and with it, assessment and evaluation, became part of the national policy agenda for all parts of the educational sector.
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"How Is My Child Doing?": Selected Case Studies of How Childcare Centres Meet the DoPs Requirement to Discuss Children's Progress with Parents
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1997) Launder, Doreen; Dalli, Carmen
The 1989 New Zealand educational reforms heralded major changes in all sectors of education. These changes included the introduction of a charter, which is essentially a contract, between the Crown and each individual education service. The Early Childhood Charter Guidelines: A Statement of Desirable Objectives and Practices, promulgated by the Minister of Education in December 1990, became the basis for the contract document required of early childhood centres which sought to become chartered centres in receipt of government finding. The Early Childhood Charter Guidelines, commonly referred to as the `DoPs', include over 60 requirements and objectives which early childhood services must meet as part of their contractual obligations (Meade and Dalli, 1991). Included in these is a requirement that centre personnel make provision at all times 'for parents and families to discuss their child's progress and be informed about their child's daily programme' (Ministry of Education 1990, p.3). The meaning and intent of the above requirement was investigated in a study carried out in the second half of 1994 in which government agency, parent, and centre personnel understanding of the requirement was investigated. The study was carried out as part of the requirements of the Master of Education programme in which the first author was enrolled. This paper focuses on data from interviews with parents and teachers which show how teachers in eleven childcare centres translated the requirement into manageable systems within their centres. The paper also illuminates the practices that developed in the centres from these systems and the extent to which the requirement became a tool for the development of parent-teacher partnerships in the education and care of children.
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The Sinking of the Early Childhood Education Flagship? Government's Plan to Privatise Kindergartens: The Bulkfunding Story
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1997) Davison, Claire; Dalli, Carmen
Kindergartens in New Zealand have been viewed historically as the flagship for Government support of the early childhood sector (e.g. Wylie, 1992). The bulk funding of kindergarten operational grants introduced in the 1991 Budget indicated an ideological shift by Government towards the principles of the New Right ideology. This and other similar moves showed that Government's intention was to withdraw state support and encourage an early childhood sector which required a minimum of state intervention. This paper sets the bulk funding of kindergartens in its wider political and educational context and follows the progression of the policy from the 1991 Budget until the election of the first coalition government on 12th October 1996. It argues that this policy represents an attempt by government to privatise the kindergarten services. The paper describes the general economic and political climate as well as the educational background in New Zealand in the years prior to 1990 and the implementation of bulk funding. The philosophy and framework of the New Right ideology is examined, key advocates of this ideology are identified and their agenda with regard to the early childhood sector and kindergartens in particular is explored. A brief history of the kindergarten movement provides the background for an analysis of the events between 1990 and the election of 1996 identifying the characteristics of the New Right agenda which, this paper argues, underpinned Government's decisions. For the purposes of this paper 'kindergarten' refers only to free kindergartens represented by either the New Zealand
Open Access
Bubbles Rising in Line: Why is the First Approximation So Bad?
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1997) Harper, J F
An analytical theory is given for the viscous wake behind a spherical bubble rising steadily in a pure liquid at high Reynolds number, and for that wake's effect on the motion of a second bubble rising underneath the first. Previous theoretical work on this subject consists of just two papers: a first approximation ignoring wake vorticity diffusion between the bubbles, and a full numerical solution avoiding simplifying approximations (apart from that of spherical shape of the bubbles). A second approximation is now found; it removes much of the discrepancy between the first approximation and the full solution. The leading-order calculation of wake vorticity diffusion uses a transformation of the independent variables which appears to be new. Experimental work to date has disagreed with all the theoretical work, but it addresses a somewhat different problem: a line of many bubbles.
Open Access
The Axisymmetric Prandtl-Batchelor Eddy Behind a Circular Disc in a Uniform Stream
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1998) Harper, J F
Analytical support is given to Fornberg's numerical evidence that the steady axially symmetric flow of a uniform stream past a bluff body has a wake eddy which tends towards a large Hill's spherical vortex as the Reynolds number tends to infinity. The viscous boundary layer around the eddy resembles that around a liquid drop rising in a liquid, especially if the body is a circular disc, so that the boundary layer on it does not separate. This makes it possible to show that if the first-order perturbation of the eddy shape from a sphere is small then the eddy diameter is of order R1/5 times the disc diameter, where R is the Reynolds number based on the disc diameter. Previous authors had suggested R1/3 and ln R, but they appear to have made unjustified assumptions.
Open Access
Opening Up the Outdoors: A Case Study of Young Children's Outdoor Experiences in One Childcare Centre
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1999) Stephenson, Alison; Carmen Dalli
"Let's go outside" is where I began: I became intrigued by how often I saw evidence of children's enthusiasm for the outdoors when I visited centres as a supervisor of early childhood teacher trainees on practicum. Having discovered how little research there was into young children's outdoor play, I wanted to investigate this topic, particularly because I suspected that what we do in New Zealand is very different from the outdoor play described in overseas research reports, where the typical scenario is a brief outdoor recess. The belief that outdoor play contributes to young children's development dates back to Rousseau (1712-1778) and Froebel (1782-1852) and the tradition continued in early kindergartens in the United States (Frost and Wortham, 1988), English nursery schools (Straw, 1990), and also within the New Zealand kindergarten movement (May, 1997). Over time, however, the commitment to outdoor play has been challenged by other pressures - increasing urbanisation with a concomitant reduction in access to the outdoors; increasingly academic programme orientation (Frost, 1992); supervision and safety concerns (Bilton, 1993; Frost and Wortham, 1988); and even staff reluctance (Bilton, 1993; Stine, 1997).
Open Access
Learners' perceptions of learning gains in self-access
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 1999-01-01) Richards, Heather M.
Self-Access Language Learning (SALL) is now a significant part of many second language educational institutions world-wide. However, research findings reveal that there are clearly different views on the role of SALL and the contribution it makes to learners' development. The evaluation of self - access as a learning environment has been perceived as difficult for several reasons; self-access systems are complex, they are concerned with meeting a variety of learners' individual needs, and each learning environment is seen as unique. Most Self-Access Language Learning evaluation has been prompted by the main stakeholders and has largely been concerned with numbers attending the SALL facilities, the materials used, and general learner satisfaction with programmes and centres. More recent research shows that many Self - Access facilities make good attempts to help learners analyse their needs and establish learning goals and outcomes. However, before we can say that SALL is truly effective in developing leamers' proficiency, it is necessary to investigate learners perceptions of their gains in a SALL environment. This study investigates the perceptions of five adult second language learners from two different groups who used the SALL facility at a New Zealand university for one trimester. One group of students were native speakers of English from the school of European languages enrolled in a first year French course. The other group were non-native speakers of English from the English Language Institute enrolled in the English Proficiency Programme. This study explores the relationship between learner activity in the SALL facility and the learners' perception of its contribution to their (a) language proficiency and (b) their development as independent learners. The results show that self-selected, motivated, language learners perceive that work in a SALL environment contributes to both language proficiency and to the development of independent learning. The implications of the findings are that effective SALL requires, ongoing learner support, ongoing learner familiarisation and review of the SALL facilities, and programmes that promote understanding of the role and benefits of learner self-assessment. It suggests the teacher's role in ensuring the continued development of effective SALL is significant.
Open Access
Pedagogical Documentation: Beyond Observations
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 2000) Alcock, Sophie; Dalli, Carmen
This paper explores some of the issues for teachers in New Zealand / Aotearoa using pedagogical documentation. My interest in pedagogical documentation developed after visiting Sweden and Denmark as the 1996 recipient of the Margaret M. Blackwell Travel Study Fellowship. To my surprise "Reggio Emilia inspired" documentation was a prominent focus of discussion among many practitioners and some administrators and academics. The surprise was because Reggio Emilia is in Italy and I was in Scandinavia: a different cultural climate. My interest in pedagogical documentation has also stemmed from my observations, as a professional development facilitator, of stressed-out teachers collating extensive collections of unreflective written child observations for unclear reasons. The third stimulus for this paper developed from the first two, and was a small case study research project which involved myself, as a researcher and a professional development facilitator, working with four teachers in a childcare centre, over a six-month period. The professional development focus was on the teachers' use of pedagogical documentation while the research programme explored the teachers' understandings. This paper is, however, broader than the research project. It is divided into five sections. The first three sections review the literature, and the historical and current policy contexts of documentation. Sections 4 and 5 describe the research project and present some insights gained about teachers' use of documentation. The five sections are: 1. What is pedagogical documentation ? 2. Setting the scene: policy, history and culture 3. Interpretations and implications of the policy context 4. An action research project: Reflecting on some traditions and tools of pedagogical documentation 5. Considerations and challenges for teachers using documentation.
Open Access
Transfer of Power and the Crisis of Dalit Politics in India, 1945-47
(Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, 2000) Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar
Ever since its beginning, organized dalit politics under the leadership of Dr B. R. Ambedkar had been consistently moving away from the Indian National Congress and the Gandhian politics of integration. It was drifting towards an assertion of separate political identity of its own, which in the end was enshrined formally in the new constitution of the All India Scheduled Caste Federation, established in 1942. A textual discursive representation of this sense of alienation may be found in Ambedkar's book, 'What Congress and Gandhi Have Done to the Untouchables', published in 1945. Yet, within two years, in July 1947, we find Ambedkar accepting Congress nomination for a seat in the Constituent Assembly. A few months later he was inducted into the first Nehru Cabinet of free India, ostensibly on the basis of a recommendation from Gandhi himself. In January 1950, speaking at a general public meeting in Bombay, organized by the All India Scheduled Castes Federation, he advised the dalits to cooperate with the Congress and to think of their country first, before considering their sectarian interests. But then within a few months again, this alliance broke down over his differences with Congress stalwarts, who, among other things, refused to support him on the Hindu Code Bill. He resigned from the Cabinet in 1951 and in the subsequent general election in 1952, he was defeated in the Bombay parliamentary constituency by a political nonentity, whose only advantage was that he contested on a Congress ticket. Ambedkar's chief election agent, Kamalakant Chitre described this electoral debacle as nothing but a `crisis'.